Bowling is game in which a heavy ball is rolled down a long, narrow lane toward a group of objects known as pins, the aim being to knock down more pins than an opponent. Its earliest history can be traced to Ancient Egypt: articles found in a tomb of an Egyptian child buried in about 3200 BC included nine pieces of stone set up as pins, at which a stone ball was rolled, the ball having first to roll through an archway made of three pieces of marble. The modern sport probably has its origins in church ceremonies in ancient (3rd or 4th century AD) Germany, where toppling a club (representing a heathen) with a stone symbolized cleansing oneself of sin. The game eventually lost its religious symbolism (and was even associated with gambling) and spread to Austria, Switzerland, the Low Countries and eventually America from 15th century onwards. It gained worldwide popularity in 20th century, and was included as an Olympic sport in 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics. It was added to Summer Deaflympics for the first time in 1997 Copenhagen Games and it is included for the 6th consecutive time in Samsun 2017.

TERMINOLOGY:

• Foul: A foul is determined when you cross the foul line during your bowl. No points can be gained from a delivery if a foul has been committed.
• Frame: A frame is 1/10 of the game and there are ten frames on a score card. The bowler bowls twice in one frame.
• Gutter: A gutter is a pit on each side of the lane that the bowling ball falls into.
• Gutter Ball: When the bowling ball enters the gutter from the lane. No points can be scored from these throws.
• Hook: Putting a spin on the bowling ball while throwing it, causing it to curve down the lane.
• Split: A split is when a bowler knocks down all pins except the left pin and right pin on the back row.
• Spare: A Spare is scored when the bowler knocks down all ten pins within in that frame. When scoring a spare, points for the next ball are doubled.
• Straight: A straight ball is when a bowler throws the bowling ball straight down the lane.
• Strike: A strike is scored when the bowler knocks down all ten pins in the first throw.  When scoring a strike, points from the next two balls are doubled.
• Turkey: A turkey is when a bowler scores three strikes in a row.